Understanding ADHD
It is now estimated that more than 4% of adults have ADHD. ADHD is a known form of neurodivergence, which means that the way the brain works for a person who has this condition differs from the average person.
This condition is caused by neuron function and neurotransmitter imbalances that affect how the brain is processing information, regulates behaviours and maintains focus. One of these imbalances is related to dopamine (low level of dopamine in the brain), a neurotransmitter that affects emotions and behaviours, influencing how we feel pleasure, rewards and it also helps us focus. Also, a chronic deficit of serotonin (5-HT) may trigger symptoms of ADHD. Serotonin is a hormone and transmitter that is involved in regulating mood, memory, sleep, and appetite, among other things. Chronic serotonin deficiency causes hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms in ADHD
While some of the people with ADHD perform inconsistently or deficiently, this should not lead anyone to think that ADHD affects people’s intelligence. Many people with ADHD are very intelligent, but face challenges caused by the symptoms of this condition.
ADHD is a condition that exists since birth and lasts the entire life of a person. It is not curable, but it can be treated with medications and therapy. There are three types of ADHD: the inattentive type, the hyperactive - impulsive type and combined type. The symptoms can change as people get older.
When not treated, ADHD may affect people in many areas of all their life. For many with ADHD, this condition affects their working memory, ability to control impulsive behaviours, sustain attention on tasks that they are not interested in, complete responsibilities, stay still, wait their turn, stay organized, finish projects. Unfortunately, they are often perceived by others as being lazy, irresponsible and unreliable. The pressure people put on themselves to perform well in their day-to-day activities, as well as from outside factors lead to a lot of stress, thoughts that they are not good enough and feelings of inadequacy, blame and guilt. Slowly, the depression steps in… The uncertainty that they may not complete tasks on time often causes them worries and high levels of stress that lead to anxious lives. ADHD, depression and anxiety are closely connected and oftentimes, but the last two stem from an untreated ADHD. There are many other familial links between ADHD and other conditions, such as substance use disorders, insomnia and personality disorders. Manifestations of inattentiveness and impulsivity also affect their relationships, finances and ability to maintain employment.
Although medications help in the treatment of this condition by increasing the brain’s ability to stay focused and sit still, the medications won’t improve people’s social skills, self-esteem and ability to manage stress. They need to be combined with other treatments, such as CBT, to improve their executive functions and overcome the symptoms of anxiety and depression.
